The European Union stands at a crossroads. Despite its strengths—a skilled workforce, a continental Single Market, and a stable legal framework—the bloc has struggled to keep pace with global competitors like the U.S. and China. Productivity growth has stagnated for decades,…
Data Protection and AI Models – EDPB Opinion, OpenAI Fine and DeepSeek Scrutiny
The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted Opinion 28/2024 on 17 December 2024,[1] addressing key data protection issues that arise from the processing of personal data in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) models. Issued at the request of the Irish…
Securing Leadership in the Biorevolution
In the 21st century, biotechnology stands as the cornerstone of a transformative era: the biorevolution. This convergence of breakthroughs in synthetic biology, machine learning, and engineering biology enables humanity to manipulate life’s building blocks, offering unprecedented opportunities—and equally profound challenges. Highlighted…
Spain’s Proposal for Extended Collective Licensing in AI Development
by Dávid Ujhelyi In December 2024, the Spanish Ministry of Culture unveiled a groundbreaking legislative proposal aimed at introducing extended collective licensing (ECL) for the development of general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) models. The “Draft Royal Decree to regulate the granting of…
Transforming Justice: The Role of GenAI in Legal Decision-Making
Generative AI (GenAI) tools hold significant potential to transform the legal profession. These tools can enhance efficiency, for example, by streamlining research, and speeding up legal document generation. While GenAI could revolutionize how lawyers and judges handle complex legal tasks, the…
Breaking Big Tech’s Grip: A Roadmap to a Democratic Digital Future
In an era where digital technologies influence nearly every aspect of modern life, the question of who controls these technologies has become increasingly urgent. The dominance of a handful of tech giants—primarily U.S.-based companies like Amazon, Microsoft, and Google, along with…
Navigating the Copyright Minefield: Legal Challenges of AI Training and Content Use
The intersection of copyright law and generative artificial intelligence (AI) has become a key point of contention, particularly regarding AI’s reliance on copyrighted materials for training purposes. AI models often process large datasets—many of which include copyrighted works—raising fundamental questions about…
AI vs. Organized Crime: Balancing innovation and security in a transnational fight
After the agreement on EL PAcCTO 2.0 was introduced in November 2023, the program to combat transnational crime was officially launched in March 2024 in Panama City. The initiative seeks to strengthen cooperation between Latin America, the Caribbean, and the European…
The Need for Kill-Switch Deployment in High-Risk AI Systems
The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have brought about transformative possibilities across industries, but they have also raised significant concerns regarding safety, control, and ethical implications. The emergence of autonomous AI systems with advanced decision-making capabilities has amplified these concerns,…
Transatlantic Data Privacy: A Critical Review of the EU-US Data Privacy Framework
The EU-US Data Privacy Framework (EU-US DPF) was developed to support transatlantic trade by offering US organizations a reliable mechanism for personal data transfers from the European Union to the United States that are consistent with EU law.[1] The EU-US bilateral…