The European Union’s efforts to establish fair competition in digital markets reached a pivotal moment on April 23, 2025, as the European Commission announced its first enforcement actions under the Digital Markets Act (DMA)[1]. Apple has been fined €500 million and…
Article 1 (5) of the DMA and Section 19a of the German Competition Act regarding Google’s Commitments
by Fatma Ceren Morbel A recent effort by the European Union, known as the Digital Markets Act, aims to ensure fair and contestable markets, which was passed in November 2022 and entered into force in May 2023. Article 114 TFEU provides…