The European Union has taken a significant step forward in its cybersecurity framework with the adoption of the Cyber Solidarity Act[1] on 2 December 2024. This landmark regulation – which entered into force on 4 February 2025 – represents a comprehensive…
Human-Centric AI in Defence: Bridging Ethics, Technology and Strategy
Artificial intelligence (AI) is swiftly reshaping the defense arena, promising enhanced operational capabilities, improved decision-making, and reduced risks to human lives. However, the integration of AI into military systems also raises profound ethical, legal, and practical questions. Central to these debates…
Securing Leadership in the Biorevolution
In the 21st century, biotechnology stands as the cornerstone of a transformative era: the biorevolution. This convergence of breakthroughs in synthetic biology, machine learning, and engineering biology enables humanity to manipulate life’s building blocks, offering unprecedented opportunities—and equally profound challenges. Highlighted…
Spain’s Proposal for Extended Collective Licensing in AI Development
by Dávid Ujhelyi In December 2024, the Spanish Ministry of Culture unveiled a groundbreaking legislative proposal aimed at introducing extended collective licensing (ECL) for the development of general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) models. The “Draft Royal Decree to regulate the granting of…
Breaking Big Tech’s Grip: A Roadmap to a Democratic Digital Future
In an era where digital technologies influence nearly every aspect of modern life, the question of who controls these technologies has become increasingly urgent. The dominance of a handful of tech giants—primarily U.S.-based companies like Amazon, Microsoft, and Google, along with…
The Need for Kill-Switch Deployment in High-Risk AI Systems
The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have brought about transformative possibilities across industries, but they have also raised significant concerns regarding safety, control, and ethical implications. The emergence of autonomous AI systems with advanced decision-making capabilities has amplified these concerns,…
GDPR in Action: Key CJEU Rulings on Data Minimisation and Health Data Processing
by Luca Farkas In two recent cases, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) clarified the interpretation and application of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), a cornerstone of EU data privacy law designed to protect individuals’ personal data….
The AI Policy Pendulum Swings: Trump’s Return and the Reshaping of America’s AI Landscape
by Bálint Medgyes As the dust settles on the 2024 presidential election, the tech world braces for a seismic shift in U.S. artificial intelligence policy. Donald Trump’s return to the White House signals a dramatic change in the government’s approach to…
Final Approval on the EU Design Reform Package
by Dávid Ujhelyi On October 10, 2024, the European Council officially gave its final approval to the Designs Reform Package, a major reform in the EU and national design acquis.[1] This legislative package comprises two key elements: a revised directive on the legal…
European regulatory and policy efforts to prevent cloud “tipping”
by István Kopácsi Cloud computing[1] has garnered significant regulatory interest worldwide due to its growing importance to business IT infrastructure and its role as a major revenue source for leading tech companies. Digital markets are often characterized by the features that are…