The Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante) has imposed a €15 million fine on OpenAI for multiple General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) violations related to its flagship AI chatbot, ChatGPT.[1] This significant regulatory action, finalized in December 2024, marks one of the…
The EU Cyber Solidarity Act: A New Chapter in European Cybersecurity Cooperation
The European Union has taken a significant step forward in its cybersecurity framework with the adoption of the Cyber Solidarity Act[1] on 2 December 2024. This landmark regulation – which entered into force on 4 February 2025 – represents a comprehensive…
Transatlantic Data Privacy: A Critical Review of the EU-US Data Privacy Framework
The EU-US Data Privacy Framework (EU-US DPF) was developed to support transatlantic trade by offering US organizations a reliable mechanism for personal data transfers from the European Union to the United States that are consistent with EU law.[1] The EU-US bilateral…